The Critical Zone encompasses the near‐surface environment where rock, soil, water, air and biota interact in a dynamic equilibrium that drives essential geochemical cycles. Research in this area ...

Earth system box models are essential tools for reconstructing long-term climatic and environmental evolution and uncovering ...

During the Ordovician period, the concentration of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere was about eight times higher than today. It has been hard to explain why the climate cooled and why the ...

Reactions between rocks, rain and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere have helped to stabilise the climate throughout Earth’s history, but they won’t prevent our carbon emissions from causing severe ...